Andira inermis is a nitrogen-fixing tree native to the area from southern Mexico through Central America to northern South America (Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil); it has been introduced to the Caribbean, the Antilles, Florida, and Africa. The tree has many names due to its wide distribution and multiple uses: it is also known as the cabbage bark (in Belize), almendro macho (in El Salvador), almendro de río or river almond (Honduras), bastard cabbage tree, cabbage angelin (United States), cabbage bark (United States), cabbage tree, carne asada (Costa Rica), guacamayo (Honduras), Jamaica cabbage tree, harino (Panama), moca (Puerto Rico), partridge wood (United States), worm bark, or yellow cabbage tree. The tree grows to approximately 35 metres in height and 0.7 metre in diameter. It is evergreen and unbuttressed and has a dense crown and pink flowers. It grows primarily in riparian zones in forests along rivers. It can also be found in drier areas, including roadsides, pastures, and woodlands. The tree's wood is used for lumber, and its smooth gray bark reportedly has narcotic, laxative, and vermifuge properties.
The cabbage tree has strong disease resistance and is generally not susceptible to illnesses. In terms of care, this plant is relatively low maintenance. When grown outdoors it needs minimal watering, and larger plants typically do not require pruning. Smaller plants, however, should be pruned after they have bloomed. The cabbage tree is suitable for anyone with outdoor space, such as a garden or a deck, and does not demand much care experience.
How to keep Andira Inermis.
Light
The cabbage tree prospers in uninterrupted sunlight and has no tolerance for shaded spots. Its native range favors open-sky areas, which contributes to its robust growth. If light is too little or excessively strong, the plant may experience growth problems because it depends heavily on a well-lit environment for nourishment.
Water
The cabbage tree thrives in tropical climates and is well adapted to periods of both heavy rainfall and dryness. Although it prefers well-drained soil, it can withstand drought conditions once it is established, requiring watering only every two weeks. Commonly grown outdoors, the cabbage tree benefits from mulching to help retain moisture during hot seasons.
Temperature
The cabbage tree is adapted to native habitats that span temperate climates with moderate heat. These plants prefer temperatures between 68 and 95 °F (20 to 35 ℃). Seasonal adjustments should be made to replicate this range for optimal growth.
Fertilizer
Correct timing is essential when fertilizing the Cabbage tree. Apply fertilizer in early spring and continue monthly until early summer. Fertilizer promotes attractive blooms and supplies energy during both dormant and active growth phases.
Pruning
Pruning cabbage trees from early to late winter can promote their health and appearance. During this time, focus on removing dead wood, thinning branches, and improving the tree's overall look. Winter pruning minimizes sap loss and stress on the tree, encourages healthy growth, and prevents structural problems. It also enhances air circulation, resulting in a more attractive plant.
Botanical profile.
- Plant Type
- Tree
- Life Cycle
- Perennial
- Genus
- Andira
- Family
- Fabaceae
- Hardiness Zone
- 9
- Mature Height
- 35.05 m
- Mature Spread
- 61 cm
- Leaf Color
- Green
- Leaf Type
- Evergreen
- Flower Color
- Pink
- Flower Size
- 15.24 cm to 60.96 cm
- Bloom Time
- Late spring, Early summer, Mid summer
- Planting Time
- Spring, Summer
- Harvest Time
- Late summer, Early fall, Mid fall
Other names.
Reader questions.
How should I water my Cabbage tree?
When it comes to watering your Cabbage tree, you have a lot of options. You can use common tools like watering cans, hoses, or even cups. The important thing is to make sure you water the soil directly. It's best to use filtered water, as tap water can have harmful particles. Also, try to use water that is at or slightly above room temperature, as extremely hot or cold water can shock the plant. However, the Cabbage tree is generally very adaptable and will do well with any type of water. Just remember to evenly moisten all areas of the soil to provide water to the entire root system.
Why should I put fertilizer on my Cabbage tree?
Fertilizing a Cabbage tree is important for multiple reasons. Firstly, it helps the tree produce beautiful blooms. To achieve excellent flowers during spring, it is recommended to fertilize in early spring. Additionally, fertilizer provides energy for the tree during its dormant growth phases, which can be stored in the ground. By giving your Cabbage tree extra nutrients during fall planting or late spring, it will have more energy for active growth later on.
What are the sunlight requirements for a Cabbage tree?
A Cabbage tree requires full sun to thrive, meaning it should receive above 6 hours of sunlight daily. It's important to watch how sunlight moves through your garden throughout the day to choose spots that provide the perfect balance of light and shade, ensuring the plant's well-being. The Cabbage tree's native habitat includes areas of clear skies, which significantly contribute to its growth. Inadequate light or an excess thereof can pose growth challenges, as the plant relies heavily on a well-lit environment for nourishment.
What are the ideal temperature conditions for a Cabbage tree?
The Cabbage tree, or Andira inermis, thrives in temperate climates with moderate heat, preferring a temperature range of 68 to 95 °F (20 to 35 °C). To ensure optimal growth, seasonal adjustments should aim to replicate this temperature range. Although Cabbage trees have some cold tolerance and generally do not require additional measures when the temperature is above 32°F (0°C), protective measures are necessary if the temperature is expected to drop below 32°F. These measures include wrapping the plant with plastic film, fabric, or other materials for cold protection, which should be removed once the temperature rises again.
What if I give my Cabbage tree too much or too little water? What should I do?
When taking care of outdoor plants, particularly newly planted ones or seedlings, it's important to be mindful of the watering needs. It's crucial to water them consistently for a few months while they are still small or recently planted. Once the roots are established, the Cabbage tree can rely on rain for most of its hydration. However, when the Cabbage tree is potted, there is a higher risk of overwatering. If you accidentally overwater your Cabbage tree, it's crucial to act promptly. First, stop watering the plant to minimize the impact of overwatering. Then, remove the Cabbage tree from its pot to examine the roots. If no root rot is present, you can return the plant to its container. In the case of root rot, trim any affected roots and consider applying a fungicide to prevent further damage. Lastly, repot the Cabbage tree in well-draining soil. On the other hand, underwatering is a simpler problem to address. If you notice drooping, drying, or falling leaves, it indicates underwatering. Simply increase the frequency of watering to meet the plant's needs. Make sure to correct your watering routine promptly when you observe signs of underwatering.
When should I fertilize my Cabbage tree?
To fertilize a Cabbage tree effectively, it is important to time it right. Applying fertilizer too early, when the tree is still dormant, is not recommended as it will not be utilized properly and may be washed away by rainwater, resulting in waste and pollution. Instead, the first round of fertilizer should be applied in early spring and continued once a month until early summer.
Can Cabbage tree tolerate shades or low light conditions?
The Cabbage tree thrives best under full sun and has no known tolerance for shadowed areas. In cases of low light, especially indoors or during winter, artificial lighting can be a vital solution. Adequate lighting is crucial for optimal growth; if natural sunlight is insufficient, artificial lights such as LEDs, which can be customized to provide specific wavelengths of light necessary for the plant, are recommended. For full sun plants, 30-50W/sq ft of artificial light, for partial sun 20-30W/sq ft, and for full shade 10-20W/sq ft is required. The distance of the light source should be 12-36 inches above the plant, and most plants need 8-12 hours of light per day.
How does low temperature affect Cabbage trees and what are the solutions?
Cabbage trees have a moderate tolerance to low temperatures, thriving best above 68°F (20°C) and should be kept above 32°F (0°C) during winter. When the temperature falls below 23°F (-5°C), the leaves may droop. In mild cases, they can recover, but severe cases may result in wilted leaves that eventually fall off. The solution to frost damage includes trimming off the frost-damaged parts. Before low temperatures hit again, wrap the plant with materials such as non-woven fabric or cloth, and construct a wind barrier to protect it from cold winds.
How frequently should I give water to my Cabbage tree?
Most outdoor plants can rely on rainfall for their water needs. However, if your area doesn't receive much rain, you should water your plants adequately every 2 weeks in spring and fall, and more often in the summer. During winter, when plants grow slower and require less water, you can water them sparingly or not at all. If your Cabbage tree is young or newly planted, it is important to water it more frequently to help it establish and become more adaptable to drought conditions. For potted plants, there are two main ways to determine how often to water your Cabbage tree. The first option is to follow a set schedule, such as watering once a week or once every other week. However, this method may not always work well as it doesn't account for the specific growing conditions of your Cabbage tree. Another approach is to monitor the moisture content of the soil. It is generally recommended to wait until the top two to four inches of soil, which is roughly one-third to half the depth of the pots, have completely dried out before watering again. This method allows you to adjust your watering frequency based on the season, as the water needs of the plant are higher in summer.
When is the best time to not add fertilizer to my Cabbage tree?
To ensure the healthy growth and blooming of Cabbage tree, it is important to be mindful of the type and timing of fertilizer used. Avoid using fertilizers high in nitrogen, as this can result in an abundance of leaves but few blooms. Instead, opt for a fertilizer with a lower level of nitrogen compared to other nutrients. It is advisable to refrain from fertilizing Cabbage tree after early autumn, as excessive growth just before winter can be detrimental. Additionally, avoid fertilizing the tree during hot and dry periods, as dry soil does not effectively deliver fertilizer and the resulting growth may require more water than is available. It is best to apply fertilizer when temperatures are cooler earlier in the season. Lastly, keep in mind that Cabbage tree can absorb fertilizer from nearby plants or lawns, so be cautious about unintentionally providing the tree with excessive amounts of fertilizer.
What are the symptoms of light deficiency in Cabbage trees?
Symptoms of light deficiency in Cabbage trees include smaller new leaves compared to mature ones, leggy or sparse growth with increased spaces between leaves or stems, faster leaf drop to conserve resources, slower or halted growth as the plant enters survival mode, lighter-colored new leaves indicating a lack of chlorophyll, and symptoms of excessive sunlight like chlorosis, sunscald, leaf curling, wilting, and leaf scorching. Chlorosis leads to yellowing leaves due to the breakdown of chlorophyll, while sunscald, leaf curling, wilting, and leaf scorching are direct damages caused by intense sunlight exposure.
What happens to Cabbage trees in high temperatures and what are the recommended care tips?
In summer, it's important to keep Cabbage trees below 95°F (35°C). When the temperature exceeds 100.4°F (38°C), the color of the leaves may lighten, tips may become dry and withered, leaves can curl, and the plant becomes more susceptible to sunburn. The care tips for such conditions include trimming away sunburned and dried-up parts. Moving the plant to a location that provides shade during the midday and afternoon sun, or using a shade cloth, can be beneficial. Watering the plant in the morning and evening to keep the soil moist is also recommended.