Brighamia insignis
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Brighamia insignis

`olulu · Cabbage on a stick · Hawaiian palm · Hawaiian vulcan palm · Brighamia

Tier 1 Difficulty: medium Water: moderate Light: partial_sun Toxicity: low
Water every
7 days
Temperature
20–35 °C
Soil pH
5–6
Hardiness
Zone 9–11
Click count
113
Observations
115

Description

Source: leafsnap

Brighamia insignis, commonly known as the Hawaiian palm or cabbage on a stick, is a rare and endangered plant species native to the Hawaiian Islands. A member of the Campanulaceae family, it is easily recognized by its distinctive appearance: a thick stem resembling a palm tree trunk, crowned with rosettes of large green leaves. The plant produces stunning white or yellow flowers that bloom from late summer to early fall. These trumpet-shaped flowers have five petals that curve backward and are primarily pollinated by moths and other nocturnal insects. Brighamia insignis thrives on rocky cliffs and steep slopes in dry forests at elevations between 300 and 1,000 meters above sea level. It has adapted to endure harsh conditions such as drought, strong winds, salt spray from ocean waves, and volcanic eruptions. Sadly, this species has become critically endangered due to habitat loss from human activities such as urbanization and agriculture. Additionally, invasive species like rats have significantly contributed to its decline. Conservation efforts are in progress, including seed banking programs designed to preserve the plant's genetic diversity for future generations.

Care Guide

💧 Water Every 7 days

Cabbage on a stick is well-suited for areas with low rainfall, demonstrating moderate drought tolerance. It needs watering once every three weeks and thrives in conditions that strike a balance between dry and moist. Since it is an evergreen plant, it maintains its leaves throughout the year, which helps conserve water during drier periods.

Suggested frequency: Every 7 days
FAQ
How should I water my cabbage on a stick?

To water your Cabbage on a stick, you can use various watering tools like watering cans, hoses, or even cups. It's important to apply the water directly to the soil and make sure to moisten all areas equally to provide sufficient water to the entire root system. Using filtered water can be helpful, as tap water may contain harmful particles. Additionally, using water at or slightly above room temperature is beneficial, as extremely cold or hot water can shock the plant. However, the Cabbage on a stick generally does well with any type of water.

What should I do if I give too much or too little water to my Cabbage on a stick?

Outdoor plants, particularly newly planted ones or seedlings, can be prone to lack of watering. It's important to remember to water them adequately for a few months when they are small or recently planted. Once the roots are established, they can rely on rain most of the time. However, when Cabbage on a stick is planted in pots, overwatering is more likely to occur. If you accidentally overwater your Cabbage on a stick, there are steps you can take to remedy the situation. First, stop watering the plant immediately to minimize the effects of overwatering. Then, remove the plant from its pot to inspect the roots. If there are no signs of root rot, you can return the plant to its container. In case of root rot, trim affected roots and apply a fungicide to prevent further damage. Finally, repot the Cabbage on a stick in well-draining soil. Underwatering is easier to fix. If leaves droop, dry out, or fall off, water the plant more frequently. Make sure to adjust your watering frequency as soon as you notice underwatering.

How frequently should I water my cabbage plant that is growing on a stick?

To properly care for outdoor plants, most of them can rely on rainfall. However, if your area doesn't receive adequate rainfall, you need to provide regular watering every 2 weeks in the spring and fall, and more frequently in the summer. In the slower growth period of winter, water less often, and sometimes not at all. Young or newly planted Cabbage on a stick plants require more frequent watering to help them establish and become drought tolerant. When it comes to potted plants, there are two main ways to determine watering frequency for Cabbage on a stick. One option is to follow a set schedule, such as watering once a week or every other week. However, this approach may not always account for the unique growing conditions of your plant. Another approach is to monitor the moisture in the soil. Wait until the top two to four inches of soil, about ⅓ to ½ depth of the pot, have completely dried out before watering again. This method ensures that you're watering when necessary and not overwatering.

How much water does my Cabbage on a stick require?

When watering your Cabbage on a stick, you don't always need to use a lot of water. If only a few inches of soil have dried since the last watering, give the plant about five to ten ounces of water. You can also gauge how much water to give based on the soil moisture. If more than half of the soil is dry, you should consider giving more water. Make sure to water enough to moisten all the soil layers that have dried out. If your Cabbage on a stick is receiving enough rain outdoors, it may not need additional watering. When the plant is young or establishing, give it 1-2 inches of rain per week. As it grows, it can survive solely on rainwater, except during hot weather when there is no rainfall for 2-3 weeks. In that case, give the plant a thorough watering to prevent stress.

How can I know if I am giving enough water to my Cabbage on a stick?

Overwatering is a common issue for the Cabbage on a stick. There are clear signs to watch out for in this case. An overwatered plant will have yellowing leaves and may shed some of them. Additionally, overwatering can cause the plant's structure to shrink and lead to root rot. On the other hand, an underwatered Cabbage on a stick will also wilt. It may have brown or brittle leaves. Regardless of whether you observe signs of overwatering or underwatering, it is important to take action and restore the plant's health.

☀️ Light Partial sun

The cabbage on a stick prefers moderate sunlight but can also tolerate stronger exposure. Native to rocky shorelines, the plant has adapted to a spiced environment with varying light conditions. Although it thrives best in filtered sunlight, it also stays healthy with noticeable intensity. Excessive or insufficient light can stress the plant and hinder its growth.

Ideal: Partial sun
FAQ
What are the sunlight requirements for plants?

Plants have varying sunlight requirements categorized as partial sun, requiring about 3-6 hours of sunlight, and full sun, needing above 6 hours of sunlight daily. It's crucial to observe your garden throughout the day to identify spots that offer an ideal balance of light and shade, ensuring the well-being of your plants. This mindful placement supports their growth and happiness in your garden's unique conditions.

What are the essentials for growing Cabbage on a stick indoors?

The Cabbage on a stick thrives on moderate sunlight and can endure more intense exposure thanks to its origin from rocky shorelines. It's best grown under filtered sun but remains healthy with considerable light intensity. However, both excessive and insufficient light can stress the plant, impacting its growth. Indoor growing may require artificial lighting, especially in spaces with limited natural light. LEDs are recommended for their ability to provide specific light wavelengths. The recommended wattage ranges based on the type of plant (full sun, partial sun, full shade), the distance of lights (12-36 inches from the plant), and duration of exposure (8-12 hours daily).

What symptoms indicate light issues with Cabbage on a stick?

Cabbage on a stick may show various symptoms if it experiences light issues, particularly when positioned in low light areas for extended periods. Symptoms include smaller new leaves, leggy or sparse growth, accelerated leaf drop, halted or absent new growth, paler new leaves or chlorosis, sunscald, leaf curling, wilting, and leaf scorching. These symptoms are indicative of either too much or too little light exposure, and it's crucial to correctly identify and address the specific issue to ensure the health and growth of the plant.

How can light-related issues be remedied for Cabbage on a stick?

To remedy light-related issues for Cabbage on a stick, gradual adaptation to the desired light conditions is key. For indoor plants, this may mean moving the plant to sunnier spots weekly or employing artificial lighting, like desk, ceiling, or grow lights, for at least 8 hours daily. For outdoor plants, gradually relocating them to optimal sunlight areas helps prevent sunburn. Minimizing obstructions to sunlight, such as pruning trees, and transplanting smaller plants during their dormant period are also effective strategies. It's important to note that while affected parts of the plant may not recover, new growth post-adjustment should be healthy.

🌡️ Temperature 20–35°C

Cabbage on a stick originates from warmer regions and prefers temperatures between 68 to 95 °F (20 to 35 ℃). It does not tolerate cold and may need to be brought indoors or covered during colder seasons to keep within that temperature range.

Ideal temperature: 20–35°C
FAQ
What is the ideal temperature range for Cabbage on a stick?

Cabbage on a stick, also known as Brighamia insignis, thrives in warmer climates with an ideal temperature range between 68 to 95°F (20 to 35°C). It does not fare well in cold environments and requires specific care to maintain this optimal temperature range. During the colder seasons, it may be necessary to move the plant indoors or provide some form of coverage to protect it from the cold. The plant is extremely heat-loving, suggesting that any exposure to cold temperatures could be harmful. It's recommended to bring Cabbage on a stick indoors during autumn, placing it near a bright window while ensuring it's not too close to heaters. Keeping the temperature above 20°C during winter months supports its growth, whereas temperatures nearing 5°C could adversely affect the plant.

How does low temperature affect Cabbage on a stick and what are the solutions?

Cabbage on a stick prefers warm temperatures and does not tolerate low temperatures well. It thrives best when the environment is warmer than 20°C, and during winter, it is crucial to keep it above 5°C. Exposure to temperatures below 1°C can lead to discoloration of the leaves, turning them lighter. If affected by frost, the plant's color may progressively darken to brown or black, and symptoms like wilting and drooping may appear. To combat frost damage, affected parts should be trimmed off, and the plant should be moved indoors to a warm location for protection against the cold. Placing the plant near a south-facing window ensures it receives enough sunlight, but it's important to keep it away from heaters or air conditioning vents to avoid overly dry air.

What are the effects of high temperature on Cabbage on a stick and how can they be mitigated?

During the summer months, it's important to ensure that Cabbage on a stick is kept in conditions below 35°C to avoid heat stress. Should the temperature exceed 41°C, the plant's leaves may become lighter in color and it becomes more susceptible to sunburn. To address sunburn or any drying of the plant, sunburned or dried-up parts should be trimmed away. Moving the plant to a shaded location, especially away from the harsh midday and afternoon sun, can help prevent future sunburn. Additionally, watering the plant during the cooler parts of the day, such as morning and evening, will aid in keeping the soil adequately moist and assist in the plant’s overall health.

💨 Humidity normal (40-60%)

This plant will thrive in moderate humidity, which is probably the level in your home. However, misting it a few times a week can be very beneficial. Make sure the room has good ventilation.

Humidity: normal (40-60%)
🪴 Soil 5-6
Soil pH: 5-6
🌱 Fertilizer

The best time to fertilize a Cabbage on a stick is in early spring as it breaks dormancy. Doing so promotes overall growth and supports flower development. Fertilizing improves the foliage, stems, and branches and encourages flowers that are large, vivid, and long-lasting. It helps move nutrients from the roots to the flowers and enhances the plant's health and resistance to disease.

FAQ
Why should I put fertilizer on my Cabbage plant?

Fertilization plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and well-being of a Cabbage on a stick. By providing the necessary energy and nutrients, the plant can develop a healthy foliage and strong stems. While gardeners primarily value the flowers of a Cabbage on a stick, fertilization also contributes to the production of large, vibrant, and long-lasting flowers. This is because the right fertilizer aids the transfer of fuel from the roots to the flowers through the stems. Additionally, proper fertilization helps the plant stay healthy and enhances its ability to resist diseases.

When should I fertilize my Cabbage on a stick?

To properly fertilize a Cabbage on a stick, the ideal time is during early spring when the plant is coming out of its dormant phase and getting ready to bloom. By feeding the plant at this time, it will receive the necessary energy to support its overall growth and flower development. However, there are other suitable times for fertilization. Giving it an additional feeding during the fall months can still benefit the plant, although the amounts can be smaller compared to the initial feeding. Some gardeners choose to fertilize the Cabbage on a stick while planting it, but this step is not always necessary.

When is the best time to not fertilize my Cabbage on a stick?

During the winter, you do not need to fertilize your Cabbage on a stick as it is in a dormant phase and does not require much energy from the soil for new growth. Fertilizing during winter increases the chances of overfertilization and its negative effects. The optimal times to feed your Cabbage on a stick are early spring and fall. Therefore, during most of the spring and summer, fertilizer is not needed. It is also advisable to refrain from feeding the plant if it is exposed to extremely hot or dry conditions.

What kind of fertilizer is best for my Cabbage on a stick?

Cabbage on a stick plants may benefit from a specific type of fertilizer. While a general-purpose fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is usually acceptable, Cabbage on a stick plants tend to do better with a certain type of fertilizer. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the most important nutrients for these plants, so a higher concentration of these nutrients, compared to potassium, is recommended. A fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-8 or similar should work well. Additionally, using organic materials like compost for one of your annual feedings can be beneficial. If you choose to use fertilizer, granular fertilizer is commonly used for Cabbage on a stick plants.

How can I give my Cabbage on a stick the nutrients it needs to grow?

Applying fertilizer to your Cabbage on a stick is a simple task that even beginner gardeners can handle. To feed your plant, just sprinkle granular fertilizer on the soil after moistening it with water. You can also improve the soil by adding organic material like compost or manure. To do this, place the material on top of the soil and use a hand rake to gently work it into the first few inches of soil without disturbing the roots.

🪴 Pot & Repot 2-3 years

When repotting Cabbage on a stick, select a pot 1-2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) larger with good drainage. Use a well-draining potting mix. Repot in spring or fall, making sure the root ball is slightly lower than the rim of the flower pot. Water thoroughly after repotting and place the pot in a warm spot with indirect sunlight.

Suggested frequency: 2-3 years
✂️ Pruning

Cabbage on a stick benefits from pruning in late spring, which promotes healthy growth and an attractive shape. Key techniques include removing dead leaves and trimming back overgrown stems to improve air circulation and light penetration. Be sure to use sterilized tools and avoid heavy pruning to prevent stressing the plant. Regular, light pruning helps maintain a tidy appearance.

🌿 Propagating
🐛 Diseases & pets
☠️ Toxicity

The Brighamia insignis isn’t known to be toxic. However, eating or consuming high quantities of this plant is not recommended as it may cause nausea etc.

Characteristics

Plant Type
Shrub
Life Cycle
Perennial
Genus
Brighamia
Family
Campanulaceae
Hardiness Zone
10
Mature Height
2.13 m
Mature Spread
61 cm
Leaf Color
Green, Blue
Leaf Type
Evergreen
Flower Color
Yellow
Flower Size
6.35 cm to 10.16 cm
Bloom Time
All year round
Planting Time
Spring
Harvest Time
All year round
Native Area
Islands of Kauaʻi and Niʻihau

Tags (14)

Common Names (8)

en `olulu
en Cabbage on a stick
en Hawaiian palm
en Hawaiian vulcan palm
en Brighamia
en Alula (HAW)
en Vulcan Palm
en ʻŌlulu (HAW)