Setaria pumila
Images by part: leaf (5) · flower (5) · fruit (2) · bark (0) · habit (3) · other (3)

Setaria pumila

Yellow foxtail · Pigeon grass · Yellow Bristle-grass · Cattail grass · Yellow bristlegrass

Tier 2 Difficulty: medium Water: low Light: full_sun
Temperature
20–37 °C
Soil pH
5–7
Hardiness
Zone 12–12
Click count
672
Observations
2,470

Description

Source: leafsnap

Setaria pumila is a species of grass known by many common names, including yellow foxtail, yellow bristle-grass, pigeon grass, and cattail grass. It is native to Europe, but it is known throughout the world as a common weed. It grows in lawns, sidewalks, roadsides, cultivated fields, and many other places. This annual grass grows 20 centimetres (8 inches) to well over 1 metre (1 yard) in height, its mostly hairless stems ranging from green to purple-tinged in color. The leaf blades are hairless on the upper surfaces, twisting, and up to 30 centimetres (12 inches) long. The inflorescence is a stiff, cylindrical bundle of spikelets 2 to 15 centimetres (3⁄4 to 6 inches) long with short, blunt bristles. The panicle may appear yellow or yellow-tinged. In New Zealand S. pumila can cover 20–40% of otherwise productive dairy farming pasture causing a loss in milk production.

🌳 Although often labeled a weed, yellow foxtail could be a source of biofuel. Scientific interest has grown in its ability to thrive on marginal soils, withstand drought, and produce substantial biomass that can be converted into ethanol. This adaptability creates an opportunity to turn a commonly overlooked plant into an environmentally friendly energy option.

Care Guide

💧 Water
☀️ Light Full sun

Yellow foxtail comes from well-lit, open habitats and does best in full sunlight. It can tolerate partial shade but favors direct sun for optimal growth. This plant, which can be annual or biennial, is known for its sun-loving nature.

Ideal: Full sun
🌡️ Temperature 20–37.8°C

Yellow Foxtail prefers warm conditions and originated in regions where temperatures range from 68 to 100.4 °F (20 to 38 ℃). It performs best at these temperatures and may require seasonal adjustments in cooler climates.

Ideal temperature: 20–37.8°C
💨 Humidity normal (40-60%)

This plant will thrive in moderate humidity, which is probably the level in your home. However, misting it a few times a week can be very beneficial. Make sure the room has good ventilation.

Humidity: normal (40-60%)
🪴 Soil 5-7
Soil pH: 5-7
🌱 Fertilizer

Yellow Foxtail benefits from regular, light fertilizer applications to encourage healthy leaf growth. Fertilize Yellow Foxtail about once a month during the summer. Nitrogen is important for foliage, and adding nitrogen-rich sources helps Yellow Foxtail thrive.

🪴 Pot & Repot
✂️ Pruning
🌿 Propagating
🐛 Diseases & pets
☠️ Toxicity

Characteristics

Plant Type
Herb
Life Cycle
Annual
Genus
Setaria
Family
Poaceae
Hardiness Zone
12
Mature Height
91 cm
Mature Spread
20 cm to 49 cm
Leaf Color
Light Green, Pale Green
Leaf Type
Semi-evergreen
Flower Color
Tan
Flower Size
7.62 cm to 15.24 cm
Bloom Time
Late spring, Early summer, Mid summer
Planting Time
Spring, Summer, Autumn
Harvest Time
Mid summer

Tags (4)

Common Names (14)

en Yellow foxtail
en Pigeon grass
en Yellow Bristle-grass
en Cattail grass
en Yellow bristlegrass
en Pale pigeongrass
en Red bristlegrass
en Little Bristlegrass
en Smooth Millet
en Fakó muhar
en Mohor galben (RO)
en Მელაკუდა
en শেয়াল লেন্জা
ru Ситнозрна пузавица